Inhibitors Approved for Clinical Use

It has been estimated that approximately 30% of current R&D spend in pharmaceutical companies is focused on the development of kinase inhibitors. Protein kinases have become one of the pharmaceutical industry’s most important class of drug target.

To date, 121 drugs targeting protein kinases have been clinically approved (see table below or as a PDF to view structures at a higher resolution). They include Gleevec, an inhibitor of the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, which has transformed chronic myelogenous leukaemia from a disease that was rapidly fatal into a manageable condition.

Advanced (metastatic) breast cancer
2017 FDA
Atopic dermatitis
2022 FDA
Mantle cell lymphoma, CLL
2017 FDA 2018 EMA
NSCLC with EGFR mutations
2013 FDA 2013 EMA
NSCLC with ALK translocations
2014 Japan 2015 FDA 2017 EMA
Advanced mutation +ve NSCLC
2020 China
Breast cancer, HR+ve, HER2-ve
2019 FDA
NSCLC
2021 FDA
Gastric cancer, NSCLC
2014 China 2018FDA
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
2021 FDA
PDGFR exon 18 mutation (incl D842V)+ve
2020 FDA
Renal Cell Carcinoma
2012 FDA, EMA, MHRA, TGA
Rheumatoid arthritis
2017 EMA, 2018 FDA
BRAF mutant melanoma
2018 FDA 2018 EMA
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
2012 FDA, 2013 EMA
ALK-rearranged metastatic NSCLC
2017 FDA 2018 EMA
Medullary Thyroid Cancer
2012 FDA
HR+ and PI3K mutation breast cancer
2023 FDA
MET mutation+ve NSCLC
2020 FDA
NSCLC
2018 China
NSCLC with ALK translocations
2014 FDA 2015 EMA
EGFR colorectal cancer
2004 FDA 2004 EMA
Melanoma, breast cancer
2015 FDA 2015 EMA
Follicular lymphoma
2017 FDA
NSCLC with Alkmutation
2011 FDA
Skin cancer
2013 FDA
NSCLC with EGFR mutations
2018 FDA 2019 EMA
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, ALL
2006 FDA, EMA
Solid tumours
2022 FDA
Atopic dermatitis
2020 Japan
Psoriasis
2022 FDA
CLL, SLL, FL
2018 FDA
BRAF mutant melanoma
2018 FDA 2018 EMA
ROS1+ve NSCLC, solid tumors NTRK+ve
2019 FDA
Advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma
2019 FDA
Pancreatic Cancer
2004 NSCLC
Renel Cell Carcinoma
2009 FDA
Cerebral Vasospasm PAH
1995 Japan, China
myelofibrosis
2019 FDA 2021EMA
Rheumatoid arthritis
2020 EMA 2020 Japan
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
2019 China
Autoimmune thrombocyto-penia
2018 FDA 2020 EMA
Chronic immune thrombocytopenia
2018 FDA
Metastatic colorectal cancer
2018 China
NSCLC
2021 China
Cholangiocarcinoma
2022 FDA
NSCLC
2002 Japan, 2003 FDA
Acute myeloid leukemia FLT3 mutant
2018 FDA 2019 EMA 2021 China
Mantle cell lymphoma
2013 FDA 2013 EMA
NSCLC
2012 China
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
2014 FDA 2014 EMA
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
2001 FDA
Cholangiocarcinoma
2021 FDA
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and cholangiocarcinoma
2018 FDA, 2023 EMA
Breast Cancer
2007 FDA
Solid tumours with NTRK fusions
2018 FDA
NSCLC
2021 S.Korea
APDS PASLI disease
2019 FDA
Thyroid cancer (DTC) kidney cancer
2015 FDA 2015 EMA
ALK+ve met NSCLC
2018 FDA 2019 EMA
MHER2-positive breast cancer
2020 FDA
Acute myeloid leukemia (FLT3 mutation-positive)
2017 FDA 2017 EMA
NSCLC with EGFR mutations
2021 FDA
NSCLC
2015 FDA 2015 EMA
HER2-positive breast cancer
2017 FDA 2018 EMA
Glaucoma (topical)
2017 FDA
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
2007 FDA
cell carcinomas of the head and neck
2014 China, India
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
2014 FDA 2014 EMA
Soft tissue sarcoma
2016 DFA 2016 EMA
T790M+ve NSCLC
2016 S.Korea
mantle cell lymphoma CLL, SLL
2020 China
T790M+ve NSCLC
2015 FDA 2016 EMA
Myelofibrosis
2022 FDA
Advanced (metastatic) breast cancer
2015 FDA 2016 EMA
EGFR colorectal cancer
2006 FDA 2007 EMA
Malignant glioblastoma
2020 FDA
Renal cancer
2009 FDA, 2010 EMA, MHRA, TGA
Rhematoid arthritis
2021 Japan
Cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 fusion 
2020 FDA
HER2-positive breast cancer
2012 FDA 2013 EMA
Tenosynovial giant cell tumour
2019 FDA
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
2023 FDA
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, ALL
2012 FDA
Met RET fusion +ve NSCLC MTC
2020 FDA
Breast cancer
2020 China
Acute myeloid leukemia
2019 Japan, 2023 FDA
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
2012 FDA
MNSCLC colorectal cancer
2014 FDA 2014 EMA
Clorectal Cancer GIST, HCC
2012 FDA
Advanced (metastatic) breast cancer HR+, HER2-ve
2017 FDA 2017 EMA
Glaucoma ocular hypertension
2014 Japan
Advanced GIST Mastocytosis
2020 FDA
Severe alopecia
2023 FDA
Myelofibrosis
2011 FDA, 2012 EMA
Adenocarcinoma, NSCLC
2021 China
NSCLC, MTC, thyroid cancers
2020 FDA
Neurofibromatosis type 1
2020 FDA
Solid tumours
2018 China
Kidney Transplantation
1999 FDA
Renal Cancer HCC
2005 FDA, 2006 EMA
KRAS non-small-cell lung cancer
2021 FDA, 2022 EMA
Renal Cancer, Imatinib resistant GIST
2006 FDA
Advanced pancreatic NET
2021 China
Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
2007 FDA, EMA
PTCL, brest cancer
2019 FDA
Metastatic NSCLC
2020 Japan 2021 FDA
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
2020 Japan
Actinic keratosis
2020 FDA
Advanced RCC
2017 EMA
Rheumatoid arthritis
2012 FDA 2017 EMA
M-Melanoma with BRAFV600E
2013 FDA 2014 EMA
EGFR breast cancer
1998 FDA 2000 EMA
SCLC chemo myelopreservation
2021 FDA
HER2-positive breast cancer
2020 FDA 2021EMA
Marginal zone lymphoma
2019 FDA
Rheumatoid arthritis
2019 FDA 2019 EMA
Thyroid Cancer
2011 FDA
Metastatic Melanoma BRAFV600E
2011 FDA, 2012 EMA
Acute myeloid leukemia
2014 FDA
mantle cell lymphoma
2019 FDA

The current global market for kinase therapies is about US$20 billion per annum, forecast to increase markedly. There are over 100 small-molecule kinase inhibitors active in late stages of clinical development and many more are likely to be approved in the coming years.

Transparent image to prevent safari browser adding its own map to the image Image of a human body showing the internal organs. Lists of approved drugs point to where they take effect Vandetanib Cabozantinib Sorafenib Lenvatinib Selpercatinib Lapatinib Everolimus Abemaciclib Neratinib Ribociclib Tucatinib Sorafenib Regorafenib Lenvatinib Cabozantinib Pemigatinib Ivosidenib Infigratinib Erlotinib Everolimus Sunitinib Vemurafenib Trametinib Dabrafenib Cobimetinib Binimetinib Encorafenib Erlotinib Crizotinib Afatinib Dabrafenib Ceritinib Gefitinib Alectinib Dacomitinib Osimertinib Brigatinib Trametinib Entrectinib Selpercatinib Pralsetinib Capmatinib Mobocertinib Tepotinib Sotorasib Lorlatinib Sorafenib Sunitinib Everolimus Pazopanib Axitinib Lenvatinib Cabozantinib Tivozanib Imatinib Sunitinib Regorafenib Avapritinib Ripretinib Vandetinib Regorafenib

As only about 10% of kinases have been studied in detail there is still much to understand on the roles that protein kinases play in human health and disease.

We believe that development of kinase inhibitors will remain at the forefront of medicine for the foreseeable future.